People or events in the Old Testament that foreshadow the New Testament.

• A. Typology
• B. Revelation
• C. Inspiration
• D. Incarnation

Answer: (A)

Typology is a way of reading the Old Testament that sees certain people or events as types that prefigure realities fulfilled in the New Testament. A type is like a shadow that points toward its fulfillment in Christ, showing how God’s saving plan unfolds across both parts of the Bible. For example, Adam is seen as a precursor to Jesus—the “last Adam”—whose obedience brings life where the first man’s disobedience brings sin. The Passover lamb, sacrificed to save Israel from death, is fulfilled in Jesus, whom the New Testament calls the Lamb of God who takes away the world’s sin. The manna in the wilderness points to Jesus as the true bread from heaven who gives life to the world. The bronze serpent raised up in the desert foreshadows Jesus’ crucifixion, through which believers gain healing and life. These connections are patterns that highlight how Christ brings what earlier shadows promised.

Revelation refers to unveiling truth, not specifically the way Old Testament events are treated as previews of New Testament realities. Inspiration concerns how Scripture is authored, and Incarnation speaks to God becoming human in Jesus. None of these capture the same forward-looking relationship between Old Testament figures/events and New Testament fulfillment as typology does.